Abstract

Needle free injection system, jet injectors, Liquid based NFI, Powder based NFI.

*Azhar Danish Khan Ayan Giri , Lubhan Singh

ABSTRACT

Common nail diseases are onychomycosis and psoriasis. The absorption of drugs into the nail unit, following topical application to the nail plate, is highly desirable to treat nail disorders, such as onychomycosis (fungal infections of the nail). Nail permeability is however quite low and limits topical therapy to early/mild disease states. In this paper, the recent research into tansungual drug delivery is reviewed. The factors, which affect drug uptake and permeation through the nail plate such as solute molecular size, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, charge, and the nature of the vehicle, are then discussed, followed by ways of enhancing drug transport into and through the nail plate. The major task in treating the nail disorders such as nail psoriasis and Onychomycosis is to deliver and maintain consistent therapeutically effective concentration of drugs in the deeper nail stratums during the course of treatment. This requires large doses and frequent administration of drugs. Systemic administration of antifungal and antipsoriatic drugs is always associated with severe side effects and potential drug interaction risks. Topical monotherapy is considered “less successful” in treating Onychomycosis due to poor trans-nail bioavailability of drugs. The major reasons for poor trans-nail absorption includes unfavorable physicochemical properties of the drugs, lack of formulations that can overcome the barrier properties of the nail plate, short residence time of topical formulations and extensive binding of drug to the nail keratin. All these factors necessitate the development of effective drug delivery methods which can rapidly drive therapeutically effective quantity of drugs across the nail plate.

Keywords: Transungual, Onychomycosis and psoriasis.