DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION: RISK FACTORS FOR METABOLIC SYNDROME
*Chirag Prajapati, Falguni Majmudar
ABSTRACT
The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a combination of interrelated
metabolic abnormalities that significantly increase the risk of
cardiovascular disease, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) and Obesity.
Based on estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 57 million adults were classified as having metabolic
syndrome in 2008, and this number climbed to 79 million in 2012.
(Central) Obesity is a hallmark of all Metabolic Syndrome. Obesity as
measured by waist circumference or BMI. It is the strongest risk factor
for Metabolic Syndrome. Intra-abdominal obesity is direct delivery of
pro-inflammatory adipokines and free fatty acids (FFA) to the liver,
adversely affecting hepatic metabolism. Excess adipose tissue
associated with obesity promotes the conversion of cortisone to cortisol due to
overexpression of 11β- HSD1. Hypertension is the most significant CVD risk factor involved
in MS prognosis. Persistent hypertension is a primary risk factor for stroke, heart attack, heart
failure, aneurysm, and end-organ damage leads to imbalance in metabolic disturbance. DM2
is a crucial factor in MS and is highly predictive of Cardiovascular Disease. There is an
increase in free fatty acids which promote oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, vascular
damage, and atheroma formation. These all contributing risk factor promote pathogeensis of
MS. Non Pharmacological, Pharmacological treatment and herbal plants available to treat
MS. Several Plants showing some good therapeutic activity on MS like Lonicera japonica,
Viscum album, Litchi chinensis, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Psidium guajava , Polyalthia
longifolia. Among all Lonicera japonica may be used to treat metabolic syndrome in future.
Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, 11?- HSD 1.
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