Abstract

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHROMOLEANA ODORATA AND BULCHHOLZIA CORIACEA FOR BOTH ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY

Enwa, F.O., Anie C.O., Adonu, C.C*., Ehiaghe,F.A.

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State UniversityAbraka, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria

³Department of Hematology, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo state, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The antibacterial activity and the phytochemical analyses of both leaf extracts of Chromoleana odorata (Shear leaves) and Bulchholzia coriacea (Wonderful Kola) against some clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were evaluated and compared. The plants’ leaves were collected fresh, shade-dried, pulverized and extracted with water, methanol and chloroform. Water extraction was by 24 h maceration while extraction with methanol and chloroform was by Soxhlet technique. The extracts were concentrated and dried separately under vacuum. The antibacterial sensitivity of the extracts was investigated using standard methods. At P<0.05, statistical analysis showed that there exists a significant difference between the MIC values of Chromoleana odorata and Bulchholzia coriacea against all the test bacteria with the latter being more potent than the former in antibacterial activity. The phytochemical analyses of the leaf extracts of both plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, terpenoid, saponins, glycosides, steroids and reducing sugars, with Bulchholzia coriacea leaf extracts possessing more important antibacterial phytoconstituents than the leaf extract of Chromoleana odorata. Therefore, the leaf extracts of Bulchholzia coriacea needed to be investigated further to elucidate the active components of this plant for future therapeutics.

Keywords: Antibacterial, Bulchholzia coriacea, Chromoleana odorata, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, MIC, Phytochemistry.