Abstract

ARE MODERN SANITARY PADS SAFE? A REVIEW OF CHEMICALS, HEALTH CONCERNS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Surabhi Vasant Bhalke*, Pravin Nagraj Aabattin, Omkar Ashok More, Mr. Prathamesh T. Misal, Dr. Vijaysingh U. Sable, Dr. Rani M. Mhetre

ABSTRACT

Menstrual sanitary pads are among the most commonly used feminine hygiene products worldwide, yet concerns regarding their chemical composition, potential health effects, and environmental impact have increased in recent years. This review critically examines the available scientific evidence on the safety of modern sanitary pads by analyzing studies published between 2023 and 2026. The review discusses the presence of chemicals such as phthalates, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), parabens, bisphenols, PFAS, and trace heavy metals that have been detected in various menstrual products. It also evaluates current evidence on possible reproductive and hormonal health effects while highlighting that existing toxicological assessments generally indicate that exposure during normal use remains within accepted safety limits. In addition to health-related concerns, the review explores the environmental burden associated with disposable sanitary pads, including plastic waste generation, microplastic release, and long degradation periods. Recent regulatory developments and existing research gaps are also discussed to provide a balanced perspective. Overall, current evidence does not support unnecessary alarm regarding the routine use of modern sanitary pads; however, greater transparency in ingredient disclosure, standardized safety testing, and continued long-term research are essential to strengthen consumer confidence and support informed public health decisions.  

Keywords: Menstrual hygiene, Sanitary pads, Phthalates, PFAS, Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, Women's health, Microplastics, Environmental impact, Menstrual products, Review.