Abstract

A REVIEW ON FORMULATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCH OF NITROGLYCERIN FOR ANGINA PECTORIS

Sumit Kumar*, Rajaram R. Rajbhar*

ABSTRACT

The skin is the largest organ in the human body, with an area of 1.5 to 2.0 m2 in adults. Drugs have been applied to the skin to cure superficial disorders, administer therapies trans dermally to control chronic illnesses, and as cosmetics from man's earliest medical records. Salves, ointments, cures, and even patches containing fruit, animal, or mineral extracts were already prevalent in ancient Egypt and Babylonian medicine (around 3000 BC).[1] Transdermal delivery systems became normal practice once delivery technology was developed to enable precise and repeatable administration through the skin for systemic effects in the third decade of the twentieth century. To evaluate a technology's overall efficacy and appropriateness for systemic treatment, drug blood level–time profiles that are equivalent to or approximated from oral or parenteral delivery are often employed.[2] The drug concentrations in the blood aredetermined by the amount of medicine delivered into the circulation from the delivery mechanism and the application area. Transdermal transmission is often utilized to obtain therapeutic outcomes deep inside or under the epidermis, such as local anesthetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Topical distribution, on the other hand, tries to treat localized skin issues that are typically severe.[3] Injection solutions are available for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. It decreases the smooth muscle tonus of blood vessels through the local production of nitrous oxide (NO). Because of its lipophilic nature, it is rapidly absorbed and extensively distributed when administrated orally, and afterwards it is excreted by the renal route. TNG is rapidly metabolized in the liver (half-life of 1 to 4 min) by hepatic enzymes to dinitrates and mononitrates and undergoes a massive hepatic first pass effect.[4,5] Therefore, its bioavailability (BA) is below 1%. To bypass this first pass effect and improve the low bioavailability of TNG, the sublingual, intravenous, and transdermal administrations of TNG are possible solutions to overcome these problems. The sublingual bioavailability (38%) is still low, while the intravenous administration bioavailability is high enough, but it is an invasive procedure and it is mostly useful for the most acute infarction.

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