Abstract

ATTENTION-DEFICIENT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERS – REVIEW

Dr. Rajveer Bhaskar, Dr. Monika Ola, Khushi Raju Raut*

ABSTRACT

The neurodevelopmental disorder known as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention that hinder day-to-day functioning. ADHD affects around 5-7% of children globally and typically lingers into adulthood, having a substantial effect on academic, social, and professional performance. Its causes include a mix of genetic and environmental factors, including as prenatal exposure to smoke, alcohol, certain drugs, preterm, and low birth weight. Dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways, as well as fronto-subcortical brain circuits, seem to be aberrant based on neurobiological research. The diagnosis is based on accepted DSM-5 and ICD criteria. Pharmacological therapy, behavioural treatments, cognitive interventions, and developing digitaltechnologies are all part of the management strategy. Early detection and extensive treatment are critical for achieving better long-term results and quality of life.

Keywords: Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, Diagnosis and Treatment.