Abstract

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF TELMISARTAN USING FACTORIAL DESIGN FOR SUSTAINED DRUG RELEASE: A REVIEW

Gauravi H. Jadhav*, Dr. R. B. Wakade

ABSTRACT

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have gained significant attention as an alternative to conventional oral drug administration due to their ability to provide sustained drug release, improve patient compliance, and bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism. Telmisartan, a widely prescribed angiotensin II receptor blocker used in the management of hypertension, possesses pharmacological characteristics that make it a potential candidate for transdermal delivery. This review discusses the rationale for the development of Telmisartan transdermal patches, formulation components, preparation methods, and evaluation parameters. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of factorial design as a statistical optimization tool for the systematic investigation of formulation variables and their interactions. The review highlights the role of polymers, plasticizers, and permeationenhancers in influencing patch performance and sustained drug release. Recent advances in transdermal delivery technologies, including nanocarrier-based systems, transethosomes, iontophoresis, and other skin permeation enhancement strategies, are also discussed. Furthermore, future perspectives involving Quality by Design (QbD), smart transdermal systems, and novel carrier technologies are presented. Overall, optimized Telmisartan transdermal patches developed using factorial design offer a promising approach for achieving controlled drug release, improving therapeutic efficacy, and enhancing patient adherence in the long-term management of hypertension.

Keywords: Telmisartan; Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS); Transdermal Patch; Factorial Design; Sustained Drug Release; Hypertension; Optimization; Permeation Enhancer; Controlled Release; Quality by Design.