Abstract

PIPER BETLE LINN (BETEL LEAF): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

Dnyaneshwar Kisan Hule*, Vaishnavi Prabhakar Lamkhade, Rutuja Ganesh Kadlag, Samiksha Bhausaheb Kshirsagar

ABSTRACT

Piper betle Linn., widely recognized as betel leaf, occupies a significant position in both traditional healing systems and socio-cultural practices across numerous communities worldwide. This plant's multidimensional relevance—spanning medicinal applications and cultural rituals—has generated considerable scientific interest globally. The present systematic review aims to provide a thorough examination of the pharmacological properties, therapeutic applications, and cultural dimensions of Piper betle Linn. From a pharmacological perspective, this plant has been revered as an auspicious species in Indian Ayurvedic traditions since antiquity, with documented bioactivities including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects. These activities are primarily attributed to the presence of key phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and volatile essential oils. In the domain of traditional medicine, betel leaf has demonstrated efficacy in managing various health conditions, including oral disorders, gastrointestinal ailments, respiratory conditions, and dermatological diseases. Its therapeutic promise warrants continued scientific investigation to enable integration into contemporary medical practice while honoring its rich cultural legacy. This review presents Piper betle Linn. recognized as the 'leaf of prosperity' in Indian heritage—as a nature-derived therapeutic resource where ancestral knowledge converges with modern scientific inquiry, particularly illuminating its significance within Ayurveda.

Keywords: Piper betle Linn., Botanical Profile, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, Traditional Medicine, Ayurveda.