Abstract

GREEN CHEMISTRY: ORIGIN, CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Deepak Kumar, Neeku Singh*

ABSTRACT

Green chemistry, also known as sustainable chemistry, is an innovative approach that focuses on the design of chemical products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. It has emerged as a response to growing environmental concerns, industrial pollution, and the depletion of natural resources. The concept emphasizes pollution prevention, energy efficiency, and the use of renewable feedstocks to develop environmentally benign and economically viable chemical processes. Over time, green chemistry has evolved through the establishment of key principles such as atom economy, safer solvent selection, catalysis, and energy-efficient synthesis. The advancement of modern tools and techniques, including biocatalysis, microwave-assisted synthesis, ultrasound chemistry, and theuse of supercritical fluids, has significantly improved the efficiency and sustainability of chemical transformations. These approaches have found extensive applications in various sectors, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, polymer and material science, and environmental protection. Despite its numerous advantages, such as reduced pollution, cost-effectiveness, and improved safety, the implementation of green chemistry faces challenges related to industrial adaptation, high initial investment, and technical limitations. However, with increasing global awareness and continuous technological advancements, green chemistry holds great promise for achieving sustainable development. Future directions include the integration of artificial intelligence, green nanotechnology, and circular economy principles to further enhance its impact.

Keywords: Green chemistry, Sustainable chemistry, green solvents, Atom economy, Biocatalysis, Renewable resources, Environmental sustainability.