Abstract

IN VIVO ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC EVALUATION OF ETHANOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI IN STREPTOZOTOCIN – INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Rutuja G. More*, Karan B. more

ABSTRACT

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity of the ethanolic seed extract of Syzygium cumini using in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models. The seeds of Syzygium cumini were collected, authenticated, and subjected to morphological, organoleptic, and physicochemical evaluation to ensure the quality and identity of the plant material. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic seed extract revealed the presence of various bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. The antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, which showed concentration-dependent activity with an IC₅₀ value of approximately 71.74 μg/ml. The in-vitro antihyperglycemic activity was assessed using the α-amylase inhibition assay, where the extractexhibited moderate enzyme inhibitory activity compared with the standard drug acarbose. Acute toxicity studies performed according to OECD guideline 423 indicated that the extract was safe up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight and doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were selected for in-vivo studies. The antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated using the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Treatment with the extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. The extract also improved serum biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL levels and prevented diabetes-induced body weight loss. Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue revealed protective and regenerative effects on pancreatic β-cells. Overall, the results indicate that the ethanolic seed extract of Syzygium cumini possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties, supporting its traditional use in the management of diabetes mellitus and suggesting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent.

Keywords: Syzygium cumini, Ethanolic seed extract, Antihyperglycemic activity, Streptozotocin-induced diabetes, DPPH antioxidant assay, ?-amylase inhibition, Phytochemical screening.