Abstract

THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF BETA-CAROTENE: A SHORT REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE

Muhammad Salihu Ibrahim*, Maryam Habeeb Muhammad, Abubakar Usman Zage, Mustapha Tijjani Usman, Khadija Mahbub Garba

ABSTRACT

Beta-carotene, a prominent provitamin A carotenoid, has long been recognized for its role in systemic health. Recent evidence suggests its therapeutic potential extends far beyond basic nutrition, acting as a potent modulator of cellular signaling pathways. This review synthesizes current research regarding the efficacy of beta-carotene in mitigating chronic pathologies driven by oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. We evaluate the impact of beta-carotene across a spectrum of conditions, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and skeletal diseases, as well as its role in immune regulation and oncology. Molecular evidence indicates that beta-carotene exerts its effects by activating the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) antioxidant response, inhibiting NF-κB (nuclear factor kaffa B) mediated inflammation, and modulating retinoic acid receptor signaling. Clinical data increasingly support its role in reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration, improving bone mineral density inpostmenopausal populations, and slowing the progression of diabetic complications and cognitive decline. While dietary intake remains the safest and most effective route, beta-carotene represents a significant therapeutic candidate for the prevention and management of multi-organ chronic diseases and complications. This review highlights the necessity of personalized dosage to maximize antioxidant benefits while avoiding potential pro-oxidant risks.

Keywords: Beta-carotene, Antioxidant, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Neuroprotection, Carotenoids.