Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN CANCER BIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS

Miss. Bharati N. Ghule*, Asst. Prof. Ms. Nita Yenare

ABSTRACT

Cancer is the main contributor for mortality in the world.Conventional therapy that available as the treatment options arechemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Nowadays, extensiveresearch and investigations are made to develop cell-specificapproaches prior to cancer treatment. Some of themare photodynamic therapy, hyperthermia, immunotherapy, stemcell transplantation and targeted therapy. This review articlewill be focusing on the development of gene therapy in cancer.Initially, the major objective of gene therapy was to managegenetic diseases, but now different disorders with severalpatterns of acquired and inherited disorders are targets of genetherapy. This review summarizes the principles of genomeeditingapproaches, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcriptionactivator-like effector nucleases, meganucleases, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system with the underlying mechanisms. This review also explains the typesof gene delivery systems as viral and nonviral delivery systems. Finally, this reviewsummarizes gene therapy medicines approved to treat cancer in detail, including names,indications, vectors, and mode of gene therapy. Gene therapy becomes an alternative to anexisting management for different diseases. Therefore, gene products with safe vectors andbetter biotechnologies play a significant role in the prophylaxis and management of variousdisorders in the future.

Keywords: gene therapy, gene product, gene delivery, cancer, clinical trial.