Abstract

COMPARISON OF REPELLENT ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SIX PLANTS LEAVES IN MALARIA VECTOR CONTROL IN COUFFO DEPARTMENT IN SOUTH-WESTERN REPUBLIC OF BENIN, WEST AFRICA

Eloi Honvoh, Nazaire Aïzoun*, Arlette Adjatin, Sylvestre Codjia,
Daniel Chougourou

ABSTRACT

Background: Mosquito vector control is facing a threat due tothe emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Safe andeco-friendly insecticides of botanical origin may serve assuitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future.Objective: The current study aimed to compare the repellentactivities of ethanolic extract of six plants which are Sida acutaBurm F. (Malvaceae), Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae),Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae), Allium sativumL. (Amaryllidaceae), Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) andPetroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill (Apiaceae)leaves in malaria vector control in Couffo department in southwesternRepublic of Benin, West Africa. Methodology: Larvaeof Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes were collectedfrom breeding sites using the dipping method from Septemberto November 2024 during the small rainy season and fromMarch to July 2025 during the great rainy season in the sixdistricts of Couffo department which are Aplahoué,Djakotomey, Dogbo, Klouékanmè, lalo and Toviklin districts.Then, these larvae were reared in insectary until became adultmosquitoes. Repellent activities of ethanolic extract of the six tree leaves were measured on female adult mosquitoes of four instars with different concentrations of 1mg/cm2, 2mg/cm2, 3mg/cm2, 4mg/cm2 and 5mg/cm2. Results: The results showed that among the six ethanolic extracts of plants leaves used in the current study, ethanolic extract of Parkia biglobosa leaves was the most effective in the repellency of female adult Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes collected in Couffo department, following by ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus globulus Labill, following by ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill, following by ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale, following by ethanolic extract of Sida acuta Burm F and following by ethanolic extract of Allium sativum L. Among the six ethanolic extracts of plants leaves used in the current study, Parkia biglobosa. extract has the highest repellent activity. It was found to be effective against female adult Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in laboratory conditions. Conclusion: The indigenous plants with proven mosquito control potential can be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticides under the integrated vector control.

Keywords: Ethanolic extract, Repellency, Anopheles gambiae, Malaria control, Republic of Benin.