Abstract

PANCRETIC CANCER: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF ITS BIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS & EVOLVING THERAPIES”

Vijay A. Shelke*, Komal B. Jaiswal, Dr. Sunil S. Jaybhaye, Ashvini R. Shelke, Sandip V. Phoke

ABSTRACT

Pancreatic cancer continues to be among the most aggressive and deadly cancers, marked by late detection, swift advancement, and low overall survival rates. Most instances are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), influenced by intricate molecular changes such as mutations in KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4, coupled with a dense stromal microenvironment that fosters chemoresistance and immune evasion. Initial clinical signs are frequently nonspecific, resulting in postponed diagnosis and restricting available curative treatments. Present diagnostic methods depend on imaging techniques like CT, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound, along with biomarkers such as CA 19-9, even though their sensitivity is still constrained. Common treatments involve surgical removal, chemotherapy, and radiation, yet results continue to be inadequate for advanced stages of the disease. Recent developments have concentrated on new treatment approaches, such as targeted therapies, immunotherapies, stromal modulation, and nano-based drug delivery systems designed to enhance precision and address therapeutic resistance. Combining knowledge of tumor biology with advancements in early diagnosis and treatment is vital for enhancing patient outcomes. This review offers an extensive summary of the biology, diagnostic difficulties, and developing treatment methods in pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the necessity for ongoing research and collaborative strategies.

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