Abstract

PHARMACOGENOMICS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Sravanasree Buddha*, Narala Anuradha, Paila Sai Teja, Shekhar Nimmkayala

ABSTRACT

Pharmacogenomics is the study of how a person’s genes influence their response to medicines. It combines pharmacology and genomics to create safer and more effective treatments. By understanding genetic differences among people, doctors can select the right medicine and dosage for each patient, reducing unwanted side effects and improving results. This field plays a major role in developing personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored to each person rather than following a “one-size-fits-all” approach. Pharmacogenomic testing helps to identify genetic variations that affect drug metabolism, response, and toxicity. For example, variations in genes like CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and TPMT influence how certain drugs work or cause adverse reactions. Although pharmacogenomics has made great progress, challenges such as high testing costs, limited awareness among healthcare professionals, and ethical concerns about genetic data still remain. However, with advancements in genome sequencing and data analysis, pharmacogenomics is expected to become an essential part of routine clinical care. Overall, pharmacogenomics has the potential to transform modern medicine by ensuring that every patient receives the most effective and safest treatment based on their unique genetic makeup.

Keywords: Pharmacogenomics, Personalized medicine, Precision medicine, Genomic biomarkers, CYP450 polymorphisms, Adverse drug reactions.