Abstract

AN OVERVIEW OF EMERGING TRENDS IN ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

Amrata Suryawanshi*, Ashte Sarika, Ashte Monika, Jangave Samiksha, Jadhav Divya, Shaikh Saniya, Shinde Dipali

ABSTRACT

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE is a growing global health concern characterized by the ability of micro organisam such as bacteria to withstand the effect of drug that once killed them or inhibited their growth the misuses and overuse of antibiotic in human medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry have accelerated the emergence of resitant strains. mechanisms of resistance include enzymetic drug inactivation, alteration of target sites, reduced permeability, and active efflux of drugs. the spread of resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer poses a significant threat to infection control antibiotic resistance leads to longer hospital stays, increased medical costs, and higher mortality rates. addressing this challenge requires coordinated efforts, including rational antibiotic use, strengthened infection prevention, surveillance programs, public awareness, and the development of novel antimicrobials and alternative therapies. Without urgent action, thr post antibiotics era could compromise the effectiveness of modernmedicine. Pathogenic microbial biofilm, a consortium of microbial cells protected by a self-produced polymer matrix, is considered a worldwide challenge due to the inherent antibiotic resistance conferred by its lifestyle. Living, as it does, in a community of microbial organisms in a clinical situation, makes it responsible for severe anddangerous cases of infection. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have increased at an alarming rate over recent decades and causeserious problems. The emergence of resistant infections caused by these bacteria has led to mortality and morbidity; consequently there is an urgent need to find solution for combating bacterial resistance.

Keywords: TYPES OF RESISTANCE, Origin of Antibiotic Resistance, Phylogenetics of Ancient Resistance, Gram-positive strains Gram-negative strains.