Abstract

A REVIEW ON CRISPR TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Sayanth P. V.*, Sandra Pillai, Savitha Mol G. M., Rupitha N. S., Kiran K. J. and Prasobh G.R.

ABSTRACT

The CRISPR-Cas9 system represents a transformative advancement in genome editing, enabling precise and efficient modifications to DNA. Originating from bacterial immune defence mechanisms, CRISPR-Cas9 utilizes the Cas9 protein and a guide RNA (gRNA) to introduce site specific double-stranded breaks in DNA, facilitating targeted gene alterations. This technology has broad applications across medicine, diagnostics, and agriculture. In gene therapy, CRISPR has shown promise in treating genetic disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, beta-thalassemia, and HIV, as well as enhancing cancer therapies by improving immune response and chemotherapy effectiveness. In diagnostics, CRISPR-based platforms like SHERLOCK and DETECTR enable rapid, accurate detection of pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. In agriculture, CRISPR accelerates crop improvement and livestock breeding by enhancing traits such as yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. As research progresses, CRISPR-Cas9 continues to revolutionize biological science and holds vast potential for future innovations in health and food security. 

Keywords: SHERLOCK, DETECTR, SARS-COV-2, CRISPR.