Abstract

THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PREBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES

Archana Vavilala*

ABSTRACT

Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of specific gut microbiota, thereby improving host health. Their therapeutic potential has gained considerable attention in the management of various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases due to their ability to modulate the intestinal microbiota, enhance gut barrier function, and regulate immune responses. Several prebiotics, such as inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), and resistant starch, have been extensively studied for their role in maintaining gut homeostasis and preventing dysbiosis-associated disorders. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), prebiotics can helprestore microbial balance and reduce inflammation by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, which produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, a key molecule for colonic health. Clinical trials have demonstrated improvements in symptoms and mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis patients receiving prebiotic supplementation. Prebiotics also play a role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), where modulation of gut microbiota can alleviate symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and altered bowel habits. In addition, prebiotics can improve gut motility and barrier integrity, thereby reducing pathogen translocation and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, prebiotics have been studied for their potential to prevent colorectal cancer by inhibiting tumor growth and promoting apoptosis via microbial metabolites. They also enhance calcium absorption and improve mineral bioavailability, benefiting overall gut health. Despite promising results, the efficacy of prebiotics can vary depending on the type, dose, and individual microbiota composition. Future research should focus on personalized approaches and the development of novel prebiotics targeting specific GI disorders. Overall, prebiotics offer a safe, non-invasive therapeutic option with significant potential to improve gastrointestinal health and treat GI diseases.

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