Abstract

COMA (PROLONGED, DEEP UNCONSCIOUSNESS BRAIN): ITS AETIOLOGY, HISTORICAL CONTEXT, PRESENT AND FUTURE HANDLING OF PHENOMENA

Yash Srivastav*, Nutan Shrivastava and Madhaw Kumar

ABSTRACT

A coma is a profound state of extended unconsciousness in which a person is unable to be roused, does not react appropriately to light, sound, or painful stimuli, does not have a regular sleep-wake cycle, and does not begin purposeful actions. Comas can be a side effect of illnesses that can seriously impair or destroy your brain. Each coma is unique to the individual. There are different levels of coma severity, and some are deeper than others, indicating a more severe breakdown of brain activity. A medical emergency is a coma. Even though primary caretakers are extremely important, secondary caregivers can assist by temporarily relieving the primary caretakers of some of their workload. Comas can last anywhere from a few days to years in the most severe cases. Patients in comas are completely unconscious and incapable of conscious movement, speech, or emotion. Comas can be brought on by medical interventions, such as general anaesthesia, or they might come from natural causes. It is said that a person in a coma is unconscious. The discussion of the metaphysical and bioethical perspectives on comas involves considerations of personhood, identity, and consciousness. Electroencephalogram (EEG): This test uses external wires applied to the scalp to measure brain activity. Seizures, sleep, brain death, and other patterns can be detected by it. In rare cases of coma, a lumbar puncture or spinal tap involves using a needle to draw fluid from the area surrounding the spinal cord. The length of time a person has been in a coma, the reason, and the chance of revival all influence treatment. The patient is frequently treated in the intensive care unit, where prompt drug modifications and close medical monitoring are possible, especially when there is a good likelihood of recovery.

Keywords: Coma, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment.