Abstract

NEUROSTIMULATION AND DIETARY THERAPIES FOR DRUG-RESISTANT SEIZURES

Kavibharathi S.*, Dr. M. Ranjith, Mr. S. Prakash, A. Arun and N. Divya

ABSTRACT

Seizures represent a common neurological disorder characterized by abnormal, excessive, and synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. They may manifest in diverse forms, ranging from brief lapses in attention to prolonged convulsions, and can significantly impact an individual’s health and quality of life. Seizures are broadly classified into focal and generalized types based on their origin and clinical presentation. While epilepsy is a major cause, seizures may also result from trauma, infections, metabolic disturbances, tumors, or drug withdrawal. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective management and relies on clinical assessment, electroencephalography (EEG), and neuroimaging. The mainstay of treatment involves antiepileptic drugs(AEDs), although surgical interventions, dietary therapy, and neurostimulation are consistent cases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the etiology, classification, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and current management strategies of seizures, aiming to enhance clinical understanding and improve patient outcomes. Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movement, sensation, and level of consciousness. Seizures are transient episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, often resulting in motor, sensory, behavioral, or cognitive disturbance. 

Keywords: Abnormal, excessive, and synchronous neuronal activity, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, antiepileptic drugs, neurostimulation, and strategies of seizures.