Abstract

A REVIEW OF ETHNOBOTANICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL, AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF KAKODA (MOMORDICA DIOICA)

Papitha V.*, Prakash S., Rithika K., Sethuraman P. and Uma Shankari E.

ABSTRACT

Kakoda (Momordica dioica), a perennial climber from the Cucurbitaceae family, is traditionally recognized for its nutritional and medicinal value across various regions of India. It is widely used in ethnomedicine for treating ailments such as diabetes, inflammation, digestive disorders, skin conditions, and snakebites. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, and triterpenoids, which contribute to its pharmacological properties. Studies indicate its potential anti-diabetic, anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antivenom properties. Various extraction methods, including hydroethanolic, aqueous, and Soxhlet techniques, are employed to isolate therapeutic constituents. Traditional formulations, such asKakoda churna, kwath, taila, and bhasma, are used in Ayurvedic practices for internal and external applications. Despite its widespread use, safety evaluations suggest that moderate use is advisable to avoid gastrointestinal or allergic effects. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of Kakoda and supports the need for further pharmacological and clinical research to validate and utilize its medicinal properties in modern healthcare.[56,57]

Keywords: Kakoda, Momordica dioica, ethnobotany, antivenom, phytochemicals, traditional medicine, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, spiny gourd, pharmacological activity, extraction methods.