Abstract

PUBLIC HEALTH, SELF-MEDICATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF NSAIDS: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY

Shreem Mishra and Neha Agarwal*

ABSTRACT

The growing reliance on analgesics and antipyretics, particularly Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), necessitates a critical examination of their usage patterns, public awareness, and broader health and environmental impacts. This study investigates public behaviour toward everyday drug use, emphasizing self-medication trends, pharmaceutical malpractices, and ecological consequences, especially concerning diclofenac and ibuprofen. A mixed-methods survey was conducted via Google Forms, collecting 500 responses across varied age groups, with over 70% female participation. The findings reveal that 26.4% of respondents preferred self-medication post-COVID, citing convenience, cost-effectiveness, and prior experience with similar ailments. Alarmingly, 71% disposed of expired medicines in the trash, with minimal awareness of environmentally safe disposal practices. The study also highlights instances of counterfeit drug circulation and inappropriate medication practices for pets. These trends raise significant public health concerns, from increased risk of drug resistance and side effects to environmental degradation. This research underscores the urgent need for stricter pharmaceutical regulations, public education campaigns, and improved access to healthcare to foster responsible drug use and disposal habits in Indian communities.

Keywords: NSAIDs, self-medication, diclofenac, ibuprofen, public health, India.