Abstract

BASIC OF FORENSIC SCIENCES

Dr. Manoj Kumar Banjare, Dr. H. S. Bhawara,
Dr. T. L. Chandra

ABSTRACT

An interdisciplinary area called forensic science uses scientific concepts in legal investigations. By examining tangible evidence to establish facts in criminal and civil proceedings, it serves a vital role in the justice system. This chapter highlights the importance of forensic science in criminal investigations and the legal system by examining its definition, history, and many subfields. It also covers issues including technology constraints, moral quandaries, and human mistake. With developments in a variety of scientific fields, including biology, chemistry, physics, and digital technology, the area of forensic science has seen tremendous change throughout time. Among the crucial fields that support criminal investigations are toxicology, forensic anthropology, DNA profiling, and fingerprint analysis. Each area contributes significantly to the upholding of justice by offering trustworthy scientific data that supports law enforcement and legal experts. Furthermore, forensic science is employed in fraud investigations, environmental forensics, and civil litigation in addition to criminal trials. Forensic science procedures must follow stringent guidelines in order to preserve the integrity of court cases. Forensic specialists must adhere to strict guidelines for handling evidence properly, conducting thorough analysis, and reporting objectively. Despite its enormous worth, forensic science still confronts a number of obstacles, such as the possibility that evidence would be misinterpreted, the slow pace of technical development, and ethical worries about data security and privacy. In order to improve its accuracy and dependability, forensic knowledge is becoming more and more in demand, which calls for constant study and development. Despite ongoing developments, forensic science is still a vital instrument for upholding the integrity of court cases and guaranteeing justice. Future forensic investigations should become more accurate and efficient as a result of the integration of cutting-edge technology like automated forensic analysis, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.

Keywords: Evidence collection, Criminal justice system, Crime scene analysis, DNA profiling, Fingerprints, Toxicology, Ballistics, Pathology, Forensic anthropology, Forensic odontology, Forensic toxicology.