Abstract

PHARMACIST-LED INTERVENTIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PATIENT OUTCOMES AND PRACTICE-BASED EVIDENCE

*Falaq Jujara, Dr. Jaswandi Mehetre and Dr. Vimal Kumar

ABSTRACT

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disorder contributing significantly to the global disease burden. Poor glycaemic control in T2DM can lead to serious macrovascular and microvascular complications, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. This review critically evaluates the effectiveness of pharmacist-led interventions in T2DM management and their impact on clinical, behavioural, and economic patient outcomes. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases, focusing on studies published from 2005 to 2024. Included studies involved pharmacist interventions targeting glycaemic control, medication adherence, patient education, and therapy optimization. Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews. Common pharmacist-led interventions included medication therapy management, patient education and counseling, adherence support, and collaborative care models. These interventions were associated with significant reductions in HbA1c (0.5% to 1.8%), improvements in blood pressure and lipid profiles, enhanced medication adherence, and increased patient satisfaction.

Keywords: Pharmacist interventions, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glycaemic control, Point-of-Care Testing, Clinical outcomes, Economic outcomes.