Abstract

UNDERSTANDING OF HYPER PIGMENTATION: ITS CAUSES, MECHANISM AND EMERGING TREATMENT STRATEGIES

*Sanjeet Kashik, Sarita Khatkar, Sunil Jawla, Krishan Lamba and Suhail Khan

ABSTRACT

Hyperpigmentation is a complex condition that mostly darkens the skin around the eyes and on the face, as is well known. Melanogenesis and skin complexion refer to the overproduction of melanin in the skin that results in dark spots. Both endogenous and external variables can contribute to pigmentation. Nutritional deficiencies, niacinamide, vitamin B12 (folic acid), sun spots, hormone imbalance, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation are some of the causes. There have been numerous reports of activator suicide in the management of hyperpigmentation processes. Tyrosinase suicide inactivation has been explained by primarily two ways. It has been proposed that the truecause of the suicide inactivation may be the conformational changes in the tertiary and quaternary structures of tyrosinase brought on by the inhibitor chemical. Hyperpigmentation can also be treated with some laser and retinoid therapies. Herbs, on the other hand, are crucial for decreasing pigmentation. Certain herb sections are primarily used for their anti-oxidant, tyrosinase-inhibiting, and skin-whitening properties. Finally, we may state that lowering the production of melanin can control pigmentation. This article's goal is to talk about pigmentation and the key methods and herbs that are used to reduce pigmentation that exhibit tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant properties.

Keywords: Hyper pigmentation, Tyrosinase, Herbs, Melanogenesis, Postinflammatory, melanin, sun exposure.