Abstract

DEXAMETHASONE: A MULTIFUNCTIONAL GLUCOCORTICOID WITH BROAD-SPECTRUM PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

Stephy Grace M. and N. M. Jeedi*

ABSTRACT

A synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone is well known for its strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, which make it a mainstay in the treatment of many illnesses. The various pharmacological properties of dexamethasone are outlined in this review, including how well it works to treat autoimmune conditions, inflammatory diseases, allergic reactions, Kidney and liver diseases, and some types of cancer. Beyond its conventional applications, dexamethasone has demonstrated notable advantages in lowering cerebral edema, managing nausea and vomiting following surgery, and regulating cytokine storms in viral infections like COVID-19. Through the control of gene expression via glucocorticoid receptors, it suppresses immune cell activity and pro-inflammatory mediators. Dexamethasone is an essential tool in modern medicine, and ongoing research that uncovers new therapeutic roles further supports its importance in evidence-based clinical practice. Even though it has a wide range of therapeutic applications, timing and dosage must be carefully considered to reduce side effects such immunosuppression and metabolic disorders.

Keywords: Glucocorticoid, Dexamethasone, COVID-19, immunosuppression, cancer, oedema.