Abstract

METFORMIN IN FOCUS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL SPECTRUM

Sneha Hiremath and Dr. Neelakanth M. Jeedi*

ABSTRACT

A key component of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metformin has drawn notice for a variety of pharmacological effects that go beyond glycaemic control. Its possible functions in controlling inflammatory reactions, preventing cancer, and affecting neurodegenerative processes have been revealed by recent studies. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and lowers hepatic glucose production via activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). It also affects mitochondrial activity and changes the composition of the gut flora, which adds to its systemic effects. Metformin may be used again to treat diseases including cancer and neurological disorders because of new research that indicates it may help reduce oxidative stress and alter immunological responses. This study summarizes what is now known about the complex processes of metformin and looks at its developing treatment options.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Metformin, AMPK, Cancer, Glycemic control.