Abstract

AFRICAN TULIP (SPATHODEA CAMPANULATA) AS A NATURAL PH INDICATOR

Shital R. Kalekar*, Anushka S. Dandekar, Payal S. Ambhore, Rutuja D. Dhone, Deepak G. Markhelkar, Akshay S. Shinde and Shraddha K. Pote

ABSTRACT

Synthetic pH indicators such as phenolphthalein and methyl orange are widely used in laboratories but pose environmental and economic concerns due to their toxicity and high cost. Natural alternatives derived from plant sources offer an eco-friendly solution, being biodegradable, cost-effective, and non-toxic. This study explores the potential of African Tulip (Spathodea campanulata) flower extract as a natural pH indicator, leveraging its anthocyanin content, which exhibits distinct colour changes across varying pH levels. Fresh African Tulip flowers were collected and authenticated before extraction. Aqueous, methanolic, and acetone extracts were prepared by macerating flower petals. The extracts were then evaluated for pH-dependent colour changes and used in acid-base titrations involving strong and weak acids and bases. The titration results were compared with conventional synthetic indicators to assess effectiveness. The colour transitions observed in the African Tulip extract ranged from pink in acidic solutions to violet in strongly basic conditions. Results confirmed that the extract, could serve as a reliable pH indicator, showing distinct colour variations similar to standard indicators. The study highlights the potential of African Tulip as a sustainable alternative to synthetic indicators, with applications in laboratories, educational settings, and industries requiring eco-friendly pH measurement methods. Additionally, the botanical and phytochemical properties of the plant, its traditional uses, and ecological significance were explored, reinforcing its relevance as a valuable natural resource. This research advocates for further exploration of plant-based indicators to promote greener analytical practices.

Keywords: Spathodea campanulata, phytochemical screening, pharmacological evaluation, antioxidant, Phenolphthalein.