Abstract

ANEMIA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF TYPES, CAUSES, AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT

Arijit Naskar*, Amit Kumar Das, Zaria Hasan and Md. Dilkash Alam

ABSTRACT

Anemia illness that is common around the world, anemia is defined by a decreased ability of the blood to transport oxygen, which may result in serious morbidity and death. In-depth information on anemia's classification according to morphology, pathophysiology, and etiology is provided in this paper. Aplastic anemia, iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, hemolytic anemias, anemia of chronic illness, and uncommon genetic anemias are among the major forms of anemia that are covered. In addition to highlighting the many risk factors and causes of anemia, the review delves into the pathophysiological processes that underlie the function of red blood cells and tissue oxygenation. The description of diagnostic techniques, ranging from simple laboratory tests to sophisticated genomic analyses, highlights the difficulties of differential diagnosis. Management strategies include blood transfusions, medication, nutritional supplements, new treatments, and lifestyle changes. Finally, we discuss future prospects for improving anemia care, which include developments in gene therapy, targeted medicines, and precision therapy. For improved patient outcomes, early diagnosis, and efficient treatment, it is crucial to comprehend the complexities of anemia.

Keywords: Anemia, Red Blood Cell Dysfunction, Iron-Deficiency Anemia, Hemolytic Anemia, Diagnostic Approaches, Nutritional Supplementation, Gene Therapy, Precision Medicin.