Abstract

A NOVEL APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASE USING NANOSPONGES IN TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

Ashish Kumar Mishra and Prof. (Dr.) Dharmendra Ahuja*

ABSTRACT

The multiple etiologies, persistent progression, and inferior therapy results of chronic inflammatory illnesses, including psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, pose considerable clinical problems. Systemic toxicity, low absorption, lack of target specificity, and frequent dosing are some of the drawbacks of conventional anti-inflammatory treatments that frequently reduce patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy. Nanosponges—porous, sponge-like carriers that are nanoscale in size—have become a viable platform for targeted drug delivery in chronic inflammatory diseases in recent years. Due to their high surface area, biocompatibility, customizable porosity, and capacity to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines, nanosponges provide superior pharmacokinetic profiles, controlled release kinetics, and increased drug loading capacity. These characteristics make it possible to deliver drugs to precise sites, which lowers off-target effects and enhances therapeutic results. The structural properties, synthesis methods (emulsion solvent diffusion, ultrasound-assisted procedures, and hyper-crosslinking approaches), and surface functionalization strategies used to customize nanosponges for targeted distribution are examined in this review. Particular attention is paid to polymeric and cyclodextrin-based nanosponges, emphasizing their function in encapsulating biologics, corticosteroids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Additionally covered in the research are the molecular mechanisms via which nanosponges overcome biological barriers, enter cells, and have anti-inflammatory effects. The safety, effectiveness, and translational potential of formulations based on nanosponge in the treatment of chronic inflammatory illnesses are evaluated through a rigorous analysis of preclinical and emerging clinical data. The analysis highlights important issues that must be resolved for a successful clinical use, such as scalability, regulatory concerns, and long-term toxicity. All things considered, nanosponges are a flexible and creative approach to targeted therapy, opening up a new avenue for the management of chronic inflammation and having the ability to completely alter established drug delivery paradigms.

Keywords: Corticosteroids, Nanosponges, Cyclodextrin, Biological Barriers, Hydrophilic & Hydrophobic drugs, etc.