Abstract

A HISTORICAL REVIEW ON PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY: THE RISE OF DRY POWDER INHALERS

Aditya Ganesh Gandale, Al Fahad Ahmed Khizrai, Jayshree B. Taksande*, Ruchi R. Khobragade, Milind J. Umekar

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary drug delivery has emerged as the preferred route for administering certain drugs in recent years. Nebulizers, pressurized metered-dose inhaler, and Dry Powder Inhaler fall into three drug delivery systems. Dry Powder Inhaler is used as a substitute because pressurized metered-dose inhaler contains propellant (Chlorofluorocarbon), which is ozone depleting. Micronized dry powder is delivered to the lungs by means of Dry Powder Inhaler. Dry Powder Inhaler may be designed as a carrier-free system or a carrier-based system. Currently, a multitude of dry powder inhaler devices are available to administer drugs with minimum variability and maximum drug delivery. This review focuses on Dry Powder Inhaler formulations, evaluating performance criteria, and factors influencing Dry Powder Inhaler performance. The development of Dry Powder Inhaler is overseen by regulatory agencies. Safety and efficacy are evaluated by Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency, pharmacopoeia-backed entities. With the assessment of safety and efficacy are the pharmacopoeia-backed Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. The technical background of these aspects is examined, along with how they can be adjusted to achieve the desired performance profiles. Considering this technical foundation, we also explore new developments and potential avenues for further enhancements.

Keywords: evaluated by Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency, pharmacopoeia-backed entities. With the assessment of safety and efficacy are the pharmacopoeia-backed Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. The technical backg