Abstract

GRUDHRASI: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYCAL ASPECTS OF SCIATICA NERVE

Dr Amar B. Abhrange*, Dr. Varsha N. Mane-Patil, Dr. Sandip A. Deshmukh, Dr. Pankaj A. Kakade, Dr. Archana A. Abhrange and Dr. Suhas H. More

ABSTRACT

Sciatica (गृध्रसी) is a condition characterized by pain radiating along the sciatic nerve, which extends from the lower back through the hips and down each leg. It is commonly caused by compression or irritation of the nerve roots in the lumbar spine. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the sciatic nerve is crucial for diagnosing and managing this condition effectively. Anatomy: The sciatic nerve is the longest and thickest nerve in the human body, originating from the lumbosacral plexus (L4-S3) of the spinal cord. It exits through the greater sciatic notch and travels beneath the piriformis muscle, descending posteriorly through the thigh before branching into the tibial and common peroneal nerves at the knee. Physiology: The sciatic nerve primarily functions in motor and sensory innervation. It provides motor control to the hamstrings, parts of the adductor magnus, and all muscles of the lower leg and foot. Sensory functions include transmitting signals from the posterior thigh, lower leg, and sole of the foot to the central nervous system. Any disruption due to compression, inflammation, or injury can lead to pain, numbness, and weakness.

Keywords: Sciatica, lumbosacral plexus, sciatic nerve, lumbar spine.