Abstract

TARGETING NEUROINFLAMMATION A NEW APPROACH TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Gunji Anusha*, Kanchibhotla Amulya, Penumala Rajya Lakshmi, Panditi Subhiksha, Bolla Bhavani and Kantamaneni Padmalatha

ABSTRACT

The most prevalent type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), is characterized by gradual memory loss as well as cognitive, linguistic, and visuospatial impairment. Additionally, individuals frequently experience co-occurring aggressiveness and sadness. Although the precise pathophysiological role in the development of the disease is up for debate, aging is a significant contributing factor. Scientists show that AD is not caused by a single pathogenic event. However, the pathophysiological situation is caused by an uncontrollably large number of events; as a result, it is considered a multifaceted disease. According to biomarker research, AD has a lengthy preclinical period (proteinopathy accumulation stage) that is followed by a brief prodromal/dementia stage (clinical symptom onset). Hence, focusing on the dysfunctional microglia could be a novel therapeutic approach to managing neuroinflammation conditions in AD. This review focuses on the translational evidence of anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory candidates in AD management. It also highlights the importance of the microglia activation spectrum, eicosanoid signaling, cytokine signaling, and inflammatory mediators responsible for the neuroinflammation cascade. The repeated failure of single-approached therapies has diverted researchers’ attention to AD-modifying approaches and AD multimodal treatment plans. This review is an effort to brief the role of new players (like micronutrients and nutraceutical applications) that have been reported as helpful in suppressing AD severity. Apart from anti-diabetic candidates, various insulin-mimetic and insulin-sensitizer drugs have also been assessed to target insulin insensitivity to mitigate AD progression.[1]

Keywords: Neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, nutrition, antioxidant activities, reactive oxygen species, Alzheimer’s disease.