Abstract

TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSIS IN MODERN ERA: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

Bhumika Chowdary Mulpuri*, Deepthi Kandula, Hima Varshini Bellamkonda, Nissi Pallikonda, Bhavani Bolla and Padmalatha Kantamaneni

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transported as airborne particles, known as droplet nuclei, measuring 1-5 microns in diameter. People with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis generate infectious droplet nuclei through coughing, sneezing, shouting, or singing. Depending on the circumstances, these tiny particles can stay suspended in the air for hours. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted through air, not surface contact. Mycobacterium TB is transmitted through the inhalation of droplet nuclei that travel through the mouth, nasal passages, upper respiratory tract, and bronchi to reach the lungs' alveoli. Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. An estimated 25% of people worldwide are thought to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which carries a 5–10% lifetime risk of developing into tuberculosis. To stop the worldwide burden of tuberculosis, early diagnosis and timely drug resistance identification are crucial. Although whole genome sequencing, direct microscopy, biomolecular testing, and culture are recognized diagnostic techniques, their general application isfrequently limited due to time, cost, operator efficiency, and local resources. TB disease,often known as pulmonary TB disease, most frequently affects the lungs. A cough and anabnormal chest radiograph are common symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis disease, and thepatient may be contagious. The majority of tuberculosis cases occur in the lungs, but thedisease can also spread to other parts of the body.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, traditional diagnosis, current diagnosis.