Abstract

CANCER VACCINES IN MODERN THERAPEUTICS: EMERGING ROLES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

D. Shamini**, G. Mounika, G. Manasa, P. Navya Venkata Sai Lakshmi, K. Pavani,
Dr. B. Nehru and K. Padmalatha

ABSTRACT

Therapeutics cancer vaccines represent an emerging therapeuticmodality that may play a more prominent role in cancer treatment inthe future. Therapeutic cancer vaccines are designed to gen erate atargeted, immune mediated anti tumour response. There are twomain types pf therapeutic vaccines: patient specific (generated eitherfrom a patient’s own cells or tumour) and patient non specific , where apeptide or vector based vaccine an in viv o immune reaction toparticular antigens linked to tumours. Research is now being conductedto look into ways to improve vaccine techniques, such as combiningthem with immune modulating drugs or conventional anticancertreatments. In contrast to chemother apy, cancer vaccinations often havelow toxicity and are well tolerated. With the success of mRNAtechnology in COVID 19 vaccines, mRNA cancer vaccines havebecome a promising path . The significance of mRNA therapy andselecting appropriate tumour antigens for the personaliseddevelopment of mRNA vaccines are emphasized, providing insightsinto the immunemechanism In the immunotherapy of solid tumours, the cancer vaccine isseen as a potentially effective treatment approach. Cancer vaccines stimulate ant i tumour immunity with tumour antigens, which coul d be delivered in the form of whole cells,peptides, nucleic acids, etc. The best cancer vaccines would be able to stimulate humoral andcellular immunity while overcoming the immune suppression found in tu mours. In thisreview, we included the working mechanism of cancer vaccines and cancer vaccinedevelopment.

Keywords: C ancer vaccine, Tumour antigens, Tumour resistance, Immunotherapy, Therapeutic Cancer vaccines.