Abstract

AN OVERVIEW ON BIOSENSORS: HISTORY OF BIOSENSORS, WORKING PRINCIPLE, TYPES AND APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS

Chandana Mannepalli*, Chennupati V. Suresh, Y. Jeevan Krishna, P. Bharath, M. Shajid and S. Abdul Gafur

ABSTRACT

Biosensors are analytical devices that combine biological components with physicochemical detectors to identify and quantify a wide range of substances. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of biosensors, delving into their history, working principles, types, and applications in pharmaceutical analysis. The evolution of biosensors, from their early conceptual stages to their modern-day applications, is explored in detail, highlighting key milestones in their development. The paper discusses the fundamental working principles of biosensors, including the interaction between biological elements such as enzymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids and transducers that convert biological signals into measurable data. Various types of biosensors, such as enzymatic, immunosensors, and DNA-based biosensors, are examined for their distinct operational characteristics and advantages. Additionally, the significant role of biosensors in pharmaceuticalanalysis is discussed, with emphasis on their use in drug development, quality control, and monitoring of pharmaceutical products. By offering a broad understanding of biosensors, this paper aims to demonstrate their growing importance in the fields of diagnostics and pharmaceutical research.

Keywords: Biosensors, Analytical devices, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Drug development, Immunosensors.