Abstract

CRISPR/CAS9: THE GENETIC SCALEPALE OF TOMORROW

Sakshi Bhosale*, Gauri Raut, Pooja Masal and Dindayal Darunde

ABSTRACT

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology has revolutionized genetic engineering by enabling precise and efficient DNA modifications in various organisms. Originally identified as part of the bacterial immune system, CRISPR has evolved into a multifaceted platform with diverse applications in medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation. This review explores the historical progression of CRISPR from its discovery in the late 1980s to its current status as a Nobel Prize-winning technology, detailing the classification of CRISPR-Cas systems, their mechanisms, and the essential materials for effective genome editing. The paper highlights significant research achievements and ongoing projects leveraging CRISPR for gene therapy, crop enhancement, and biodiversity conservation. Despite its transformative potential, CRISPR faces challenges such as off-target effects, delivery difficulties, ethical dilemmas, and regulatory concerns. The future of CRISPR technology is promising, with prospects for expanding its applications in precision medicine, sustainable agriculture, and biomanufacturing. Addressing ethical implications and ensuring equitable access will be critical as society advances in biological research. This comprehensive overview underscores the need for responsible stewardship in harnessing CRISPR’s capabilities for the betterment of humanity.

Keywords: DNA, RNA, CRISPR, Gene, Editing, Protein, Natural.