Abstract

CADMIUM AND LEAD AS HEAVY METAL CONTAMINANTS AND THE MECHANISTIC WAYS OF THEIR HAZARDOUS EFFECTS

Mohima Khanom*, Proshenjit Saha, Zarin Tasnim Itu, Mahamuda Fatema, Md. Taleb Hossain and Md. Harun Ar Rashid

ABSTRACT

Exposure to lead and cadmium has been linked to numerous heavy metal health risks, and international organizations like the WHO have regularly reviewed the effects of these metals on human health, despite the fact that there are a number of known negative health effects and managed, but exposure to these metals are continuing, and is even increasing in less developed countries. Nowadays, re-chargeable nickel-cadmium batteries are the primary application for cadmium compounds, and emissions have sharply increased over the 20th century as cadmium-containing products are rarely re-cycled. Cigarette smoking and food are the major source of cadmium exposure. Cadmium exposure can have negative health effects, mainly kidney damage, bone effects, and fractures, even at lower exposure levels. Therefore, to lower the chance of harmful health effects, steps should be taken to lower cadmium exposure in the general population. Again, in approximately equal amounts, the general public is exposed to leadthrough food and air. Over the past century, lead emissions into the atmosphere have significantly increased pollution, primarily from gasoline. Due to the permeable blood-brain barrier and high gastrointestinal absorption, children are especially vulnerable to lead exposure. Although lead in petrol has dramatically decreased over the last decades, thereby reducing environmental exposure, phasing out any remaining uses of lead additives in motor fuels should be encouraged. The current study focused on the occurrence, exposure and health effects of cadmium and lead as heavy metal contaminants.

Keywords: Heavy Metals, Contamination, Exposure, Health Effects, Hazardous, Etc.