Abstract

REDUCING MANUAL ERRORS IN SAMPLE HANDLING AND PROCESSING: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION

*Ali Hassan Alhussain, Waseem Ali Alquwayi, Yasser Abdrab Alameer Alkuwaiti, Ahmed Mohammed Almehainy, Raed Ibrahim Rashid Al-Rashid, Ziad bin Badi Hamoud Al-Harbi Hamad Huran F. Alanazi and Saleh Nashat Alotaibi

ABSTRACT

Background: Manual errors in sample handling and processing are critical challenges in clinical laboratories, directly impacting diagnostic accuracy, patient safety, and laboratory efficiency. Errors in labeling, transport, and sample preparation can compromise the reliability of test results, delay clinical decision-making, and increase healthcare costs. Despite advancements in laboratory automation, manual interventions remain integral to many workflows, leaving room for human error. Addressing these vulnerabilities is essential to improve the overall quality of laboratory services. Aim: This paper aims to identify the primary sources of manual errors in sample handling and processing, evaluate their implications on laboratory operations and outcomes, and propose evidence-based strategies for error minimization. The study also emphasizes the role of technology, process optimization, and stafftraining in mitigating these errors. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing peer-reviewed articles and case studies focused on laboratory errors, quality assurance, and automation technologies. Data on error frequencies, root causes, and mitigation strategies were extracted and synthesized. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis of implementing technological solutions was performed. Results: The findings reveal that human factors, inefficient workflows, and technological limitations are the leading contributors to manual errors. Automation, standardization of protocols, and targeted staff training programs significantly reduce error rates, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enhance patient outcomes. Conclusion: Minimizing manual errors in sample handling is critical for optimizing laboratory performance. Integrating automated systems, enforcing standard operating procedures, and fostering a culture of continuous training and quality improvement are imperative for achieving high standards of accuracy and efficiency in laboratory diagnostics.

Keywords: Laboratory errors, sample handling, diagnostic accuracy, automation, quality assurance, process optimization, patient safety.