Abstract

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: ADVANCES IN TREATMENT STRATEGIES - A REVIEW OF UPDATED DATA

Abeer Saleh Alghamdi*, ‏Hussain Mahdi Aljawad, ‏Hala Abdulaziz Alzuhair, ‏Khwlah Abdulaziz Alswaied, ‏Naifa Hail Alaida, ‏Zainab Ali Al Qarni, Alotaibi Meshal Saeed M., Sultan Mohammed Algfari

ABSTRACT

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder that affects approximately 1% of individuals in developed countries, leading to significant joint inflammation and potential disability. Aim: This review aims to summarize current and emerging treatment strategies for RA, focusing on immunomodulatory therapies, including traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review on various therapeutic agents, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, administration routes, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy in managing RA. Results: Established treatments include methotrexate, the cornerstone DMARD, and a range of biologic DMARDs such as etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol. These agents target pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF and IL-6, demonstrating varying efficacy and safety profiles. Newer therapies like rituximab and abatacept address B and T lymphocyte activation, while JAK inhibitors like tofacitinib represent innovative approaches by targeting intracellular signaling pathways. Conclusion: Recent advancements in RA treatment offer promising options for patients with insufficient responses to conventional therapies. The individualized approach in selecting appropriate therapies can enhance patient outcomes and improve quality of life. Future research is essential to further refine treatment strategies and explore potential long-term effects of novel therapies.

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, immunomodulatory therapies, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologics, treatment strategies.