Abstract

PARKINSON'S DISEASE: LATEST ADVANCES IN TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT-A REVIEW ARTICLE FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS

Khwlah Abdulaziz Alswaied*, ‏Naifa Hail Alaida, ‏Zainab Ali AlQarni, Sultan Sulaiman Alharbi

ABSTRACT

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, primarily affecting motor functions such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors. Increasing recognition of nonmotor symptoms and the complex pathology underlying PD necessitates a deeper understanding of its treatment and management. Aim: This review aims to synthesize the latest advances in the treatment and management of PD, focusing on recent insights into its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature, including recent research findings, clinical trials, and advancements in understanding the molecular and genetic underpinnings of PD, was conducted. Results: Recent findings suggest that PD involves both cell-autonomous mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and non-cell-autonomous processes involving surrounding neural support cells. Notable advancements include the identification of genetic mutations linked to mitochondrial function and their impact on neuronal health. Additionally, the role of altered calcium conductance in dopaminergic neurons and the involvement of Parkin and PINK1 in mitochondrial quality control have emerged as critical areas of focus. Conclusion: Understanding the multifaceted nature of PD is vital for improving treatment strategies. Advances in genetic and molecular research provide new avenues for therapeutic interventions, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing PD.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease, neurodegeneration, treatment, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic mutations, calcium conductance, Parkin, PINK.[1]