Abstract

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: ROLE OF NUTRITION-REVIEW ARTICLE

‏Reem Mahmoud Nashar*, ‏Homoud Awade Al shammari, ‏Nahid Ahmad Lamfon and ‏Mshaweh Mohammed Alshammry

ABSTRACT

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) poses significant nutritional challenges, primarily protein-energy wasting, affecting 30-50% of patients. Despite advancements in CKD management, addressing malnutrition remains crucial. Aim: This review aims to evaluate optimal protein intake, its metabolic implications, and the safety of dietary restrictions in CKD patients, particularly regarding nutritional management prior to and during dialysis. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the relationship between protein intake, nutritional status, and clinical outcomes in CKD. Studies comparing protein allowances and the effects of low-protein diets (LPD) were analyzed, focusing on patient outcomes and nutritional safety. Results: Evidence supports a protein intake of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day for CKD patients, with reductions linked to improved serum lipid profiles and decreased proteinuria. Low-protein diets, supplemented with essential amino acids, have shown nutritional safety and no adverse effects on muscle mass. Additionally, factors such as insulin resistance and oxidative stress play significant roles in protein-energy wasting, emphasizing the need for comprehensive nutritional strategies. Conclusion: Nutritional management, including controlled protein intake and patient education, is essential for improving outcomes in CKD patients. Optimizing dietary strategies can enhance overall health and mitigate the risks associated with protein-energy wasting.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Protein Intake, Malnutrition, Dietary Management, Dialysis.