Abstract

MODERNIZING TB THERAPY: A REVIEW OF NOVEL INTERVENTIONS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

*Sumit Bankat Kawathe, *Dr. Ajay Kale, *Kishor Otari

ABSTRACT

Despite worldwide efforts to eradicate and control tuberculosis (TB), the disease continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) poses a serious risk to public health, with consequences for the security of global health, the cost of healthcare, and access to high-quality care. It is imperative to keep funding research, surveillance, and creative solutions in order to meet this problem. To properly address this global health issue, cooperation between governments, health care institutions, and international organizations is essential. Adult patients with pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) are recommended to receive combination therapy with bedaquiline (BDQ), a diarylquinoline drug. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved rapid authorization in December 2012 after analysing data from two phase 2 trials about the time to sputum cultureconversion. In June 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) released interim policy guidelines for BDQ in conjunction with MDRTB treatments that the WHO recommended. Due to its rapid development of resistance, MDRTB has been treated in 89 and 54 countries with Delamanid, a first-in-class bicyclic nitroimidazole that has been approved by the European Medicines Agency. It is recommended to take additional anti-TB medications in combination with appropriate usage and drug resistance monitoring to prevent resistance. In August 2019, the US FDA approved protomanid following positive phase III trial results. The BPaLM regimen, which consists of bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin, has been approved for the treatment of individuals with treatment-intolerant or non-responsive MDRTB or extensive pulmonary DRTB. Patients with MDRTB are now entitled to better clinical results and a higher quality of life due to this important management breakthrough. It is positive for the worldwide fight against DRTB that it is included in the WHO guidelines. New therapeutic targets within the TB pathogenesis have been found and studied by researchers, providing exciting opportunities for the creation of novel anti-TB medications. Treatment for paediatric tuberculosis has advanced significantly, with an emphasis on worldwide initiatives, better medication therapies, and enhanced diagnostic techniques. Nanotechnology exhibits great promise in a number of domains, including health and tuberculosis treatment.

Keywords: Tuberculosis; Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis; New Drugs; Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, and Moxifloxacin Regimen.