Abstract

RE-EMERGENCE OF SULFA DRUG: A REVIEW OF EARLIER AND RECENT PROGRESS IN SYNTHESIS AND USES

Suruchi Ojha, Manmeet Singh and M. S. Gill*

ABSTRACT

Sulfonamides and their derivatives are pioneers in the field of antibiotic therapy. Over the years, sulfonamides have gained importance due to their diverse biological activities e.g. anti-diabetic, anti-glaucoma, anti–hypertensive activities etc. Conventional approaches to the synthesis of sulfonamide drugs suffer from several disadvantages such as production of hazardous side products, tedious work-ups and toxicity of the reagents used in the process. Acquaintance of resistance and adverse biological reactions subsided the use of sulfonamide drugs during middle of the twentieth century. Since then, sulfonamide analogues have been synthesized using efficient and facile synthetic approaches and tested on biological targets. Market analysis have shown that use of sulfonamides (especially anti-bacterial sulfonamides) will escalate with a CAGR of 4.47% during 2019-2024 indicating an incremental growth rate of $ 81.73 million. Various facile synthetic approaches to sulfonamidesmake use of DABSO, electrochemical synthesis, copper as a catalyst, and water as a green solvent. Recently, USFDA approval of new sulfonamide drugs proved dawn of a new era of re-emergence of these molecules as attractive therapeutics of future.

Keywords: Sulfonamides, Re-emergence, Facile synthesis, Electrochemical, Green reagents.