Abstract

REVIEW ON STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS

Jisha Sam* and Santhana Kumar

ABSTRACT

Acute bronchiolitis is a frequent cause of respiratory illness primarily affecting the paediatric population, characterized by inflammation and congestion of the small airways (bronchioles). It has high risk factors of viruses and environmental factors are causes the severity of infection. RSV is a predominant virus of bronchiolitis. It has three stages of symptoms are found in mild, moderate and severe condition to affect the bronchiolitis children. This condition is mainly examining the laboratory tests and also have diagnostic tools; then measure the oxygen level to monitoring. This review mainly gives the current best practices for the management of acute bronchiolitis, focus on evidence-based approaches. Key management strategies include supportive care, such as ensuring adequate hydration and oxygenation. Pharmacological interventions, including bronchodilators and corticosteroids, are generally not recommended for due to limited efficacy. The role of antiviral agents like ribavirin remains controversial and is typically reserved for severe cases or high-risk patients. Preventive measures, such as the administration of Palivizumab in high-risk infants, are also discussed and also recently recommended the Nirsevimab monoclonal antibody for the prevention of acute bronchiolitis. Hospitalization is considered for patients with severe symptoms, lack of feeding, or significant comorbidities. Managing to regulate the treatment of bronchiolitis improving day by day. But some critical conditions are difficulty to treat. In advanced the therapeutic interventions are helps to reduce from the spread of RSV from the respiratory tract infection of acute bronchiolitis in the population of paediatrics.

Keywords: Acute Bronchiolitis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Supportive care, Pharmacological intervention, Palivizumab vaccine.