Abstract

THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES- A REVIEW

Dornala Chaitayana Dixit* and Karnati Chandralekha

ABSTRACT

Enzymes today play a predominant role in the pharmaceutical industries due to their ability to efficiently and selectively catalyze biochemical reactions in living systems. Since the enzymes have such a considerable impact on human health, the enzyme-based drugs are progressively becoming a research focus, in recent times. Most of these therapeutic enzymes are produced industrially by employing the various types of fermentation techniques, using a suitable expression system which includes a microbial strain (bacteria, yeast, fungi, etc), plant or animal cell culture, and genetically engineered organisms. The advancements in the fields of recombinant DNA technology, protein
engineering, material science, enzyme immobilization, and nanotechnology has provided an astounding platform for the development of enzymatic drugs that have varied applications in the treatment of a range of diseases. These enzymes may be broadly classified into four categories which are: enzymes involved in fibrinolysis, cancer treatment, enzyme replacement therapies, and treatment of other rare and common diseases. Several approaches like rational designing, PEGylation, and glycoengineering have made it possible to increase the half-life, stability, and solubility of these enzymes, making them suitable for administration. The discoveries and furtherance with which the therapeutic enzymes are being produced, possessing enhanced stability and biocatalytic activity, have led to new opportunities and prompted new open doors in the field of medication for both therapeutic and analytical purposes.

Keywords: Enzymes, Parkinson‘s disease, Gout, cancer, Elisa, Diabetus mellitus, Alcholic liver disease, Rheumatoid Arthrities.