Abstract

INSIGHTS INTO SKIN DISORDERS: PATHOGENESIS, TREATMENT, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: A REVIEW

Jesima Begum A.*, Vijay D., Vijayalakshmi P., Vishali S., Vishva B. and Senthamarai R.

ABSTRACT

The primary objective of this review was to provide an overview of various types of skin diseases, including their clinical manifestations, underlying pathophysiology, diagnostic methodologies, and treatment approaches. Healthcare professionals needed to be aware of these diseases to effectively diagnose, treat, and manage them. Dermatitis, characterized by rashes and itching, was often caused by an underlying immune disorder. Psoriasis, an autoimmune disease, resulted in the development of silvery, scaly plaques on the skin. Dandruff, characterized by a scaly appearance on the scalp, was associated with conditions like seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis. Acne was a common condition experienced by most people at some point in their lives. Cellulitis, an infection-related inflammation, presented with red, warm, and painful skin rashes. Skin abscesses, or boils, occurred due to the accumulation of pus under the skin. Rosacea often led to acne-like red
rashes on the face. Scabies caused intense itching due to mites burrowing into the skin. Infections such as ringworm produced characteristic ring-shaped rashes. Squamous cell carcinoma could develop due to mutations in the DNA of squamous cells caused by UV radiation from sunlight or tanning beds. Lichen planus, especially when occurring on the vagina or vulva, could lead to sexual dysfunction as a long-term complication. Contact dermatitis could occur due to skin irritation or an allergic reaction, with the most common type being irritant contact dermatitis, where a substance damaged the skin's outer layer. Overall, understanding these skin diseases was crucial for effective management and treatment.

Keywords: Skin disease, Psoriasis, Autoimmune condition, allergic conditions, hypersensitive reactions.