Abstract

BRIEF INFO ABOUT CANCER

Sakshi Gorakhnath Gangad* and Durgesh Suresh Shinde

ABSTRACT

Cancers are a group of diseases associated with abnormal growth of cells. Without any check, the disease may keep on progressing ultimately leading to pre-mature death. They can arise anywhere in the body and can affect people from all age groups, socio-economic strata and race. Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. According to data by international agency for research on cancer, there were 141 lakh new cancer cases, 82 lakh cancer deaths and 326 lakh people living with cancer in 2012 worldwide. In our own country, about 4.7 lakh new cases of cancer are detected annually. Cancer is responsible for death of about 3.5 lakh people annually in india itself. In 2015, about 90.5 million people worldwide had cancer.[18] in 2019, annual cancer cases grew by 23.6 million people and there were 10 million deaths worldwide, representing over the previous decade increases of 26% and 21%, respectively. One might want to assume that with recent rapid developments in medical sciences, the incidence and prevalence of cancer may be coming down. sadly, that isn't so. According to who, within next two decades annual incidence of cancer may increase upto 220lakhs. With increase in adoption of modern lifestyle with unhealthy habits like lack of physical activity, decreased intake of fruit and vegetables, increasing use of tobacco, fast food alcohol, etc. the incidence of cancer is expected to further increase. Cancer has been known since antiquity, some of the most significant advances in scientists’ understanding of it have been made since the middle of the 20th century. Those advances led to major improvements in cancer treatment, mainly through the development of methods for timely and accurate diagnosis, selective surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapeutic drugs, and targeted therapies (Agents designed against specific molecules involved in cancer). advances in treatment have succeeded in bringing about a decrease in cancer deaths, though mainly in developed countries. Indeed, cancer remains a major cause of sickness and death throughout the world. By 2018 the number of new cases diagnosed annually had risen to more than 18 million, more than half of them in less-developed countries, and the number of deaths from cancer in 2018 was 9.6 million worldwide. about 70 percent of cancer deaths were in low- and middle-income countries. The world health organization (who) has estimated that the global cancer burden could be reduced by as much as 30 to 50 percent through prevention strategies, particularly through the avoidance of known risk factors. in addition, laboratory investigations aimed at understanding the causes and mechanisms of cancer have maintained optimism that the disease can be controlled. Through breakthroughs in cell biology, genetics, and biotechnology, researchers have gained a fundamental understanding of what occurs within cells to cause them to become cancerous. Those conceptual gains are steadily being converted into actual gains in the practice of cancer diagnosis and treatment, with notable progress toward personalized cancer medicine, in which therapy is tailored to individuals according to biological anomalies unique to their disease. personalized cancer medicine is considered the most-promising area of progress yet for modern cancer therapy.

Keywords: Introduction, History of Cancer, Types of cancer, Replication of cancer, Stages of cancer, Sign and Symptoms, Risk factors, Complications, Diagnosis and Tests, Treatment, Conclusion, Reference.