Abstract

PRACTICE SCHOOL PROJECT 'REVIEW' REPORT ON RESEARCH ON NOVEL VACCINE TECHNOLOGIES, SUCH AS MRNA VACCINES FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Yash Subhash Gorivale*, Dr. Saurabh Dilip Bhandare and Dr. Vijay Dhondiram Wagh

ABSTRACT

Infectious diseases have always threatened the human life, but with the development of vaccines, effective strategies for preventing and controlling these diseases have become available. The previously attempted global outbreak of COVID-19 ushered in the advent of mRNA vaccine technologies, which quickly lead to the introduction of mRNA vaccines effective against SARS-CoV-2 disease. The success of this approach has stimulated research into the use of mRNA vaccines in the fight against other emerging as well as remerging various different infectious diseases. This examines the constructive strategies and delivery systems used in mRNA vaccines and provides an overview of current clinical trials of those vaccines in the prevention of infectious diseases. The underlying mechanisms of mRNA vaccines are also discussed, including the double-edged sword of the innate immune response. Finally, the challenges but also the potential of mRNA vaccines are considered. In vitro-transcribed, mRNA-based infectious disease vaccines have the potential that is to successfully address many of the weaknesses of traditional vaccine platforms, such as the lack of potency and/or durability of vaccine protection, time-consuming, and expensive manufacturing, and, in
some cases, safety issues. This optimism is fuelled by a great deal of impressive recent data demonstrating that mRNA vaccines have many of the attributes that are necessary for a viable new vaccine class for human use. This review briefly describes mRNA vaccine types, discusses the most recent publications on such different infectious disease that can be treated by the mRNA vaccines and possibilities to overcome the outcomes of the mRNA vaccine.

Keywords: COVID-19, delivery, infectious disease, influenza virus, mRNA vaccine, LNP (Lipid Nano-Particle), Clinical Trials, SAM, etc.