Abstract

EXPLORING THE MEDICINAL POTENTIAL OF TRILLIUM GOVANIANUM (A THREATENED PLANT): CURRENT INSIGHTS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Kunal Agam Kanaujia*, Nidhi Maurya and Dilip Kumar Arya

ABSTRACT

The Trilliaceae family perennial herbaceous plant Trillium govanianum is well known for its diverse geographic spread and essential medicinal qualities. Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don belongs to the genus Trillium (family: Melanthiaceae alt. Trilliaceae) is an endangered medicinal herb of the Himalayan region that has much therapeutic value. It is also known as Himalayan trillium, Nagchhatri, Teenpatra, Matarzela, Triflower, or Birthroot. Trillium govanianum is highly valued for its medicinal properties, especially in regions where it is native. Trillium govanianum has been traditionally used by indigenous individuals for its possible therapeutic properties. The plant's rhizomes, leaves, and flowers have all been used for their medicinal benefits. These parts contain several bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects. These effects include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antidiabetic, and anti-cancer properties. Despite its excellent medicinal properties, the plant is in danger. This review covers the geographical distribution, morphology, and phytochemistry of T. govanianum. Additionally, it highlights the reproductive behavior, agro-technology, and various pharmacological properties of the plant. The review also discusses the reasons for T. govanianum being endangered and strategies for its conservation.

Keywords: Nagchhatri; Teenpatra; Endangered; Threatened; Himalayan herb.